Slippage and costs

Commission on spot, maker and taker fees on perps, and flat slippage, each declared in the file so a published strategy carries its own assumptions. The book-estimate slippage model is the one piece of the accounting the chart refuses rather than approximates.

Commission (spot)

On instrument: "spot" (the default), commissionPercent is charged on every fill as a percent of the fill's notional, on entries and exits alike. Fees reduce equity immediately and are reported per trade (fees on each trade record) and in the totals as stats.feesPaid.

Maker and taker fees (perps)

On instrument: "perps", fills are charged makerFeePercent or takerFeePercent instead of commission, by how the fill reached the market:

• Taker (takerFeePercent): market-crossing fills. Market entries, stop entries, protective stops, trailing stops, signal exits, closeAll, liquidation, and the flattening leg of a reversal a market or stop entry triggered.
• Maker (makerFeePercent): limit-bound fills. Limit entries, take-profit limit legs, and the flattening leg of a reversal a limit entry triggered.
• stats.feesPaid is exactly makerFeesPaid + takerFeesPaid on perps.

// Perps maker-fee routing: a resting limit entry pays the maker rate, the market close pays the taker rate.
strategy({ initialCapital: 10000, instrument: "perps", leverage: 2, makerFeePercent: 0.1, takerFeePercent: 0.05, funding: "off", qtyType: "fixed", qtyValue: 1, pyramiding: 1 });
output("equity", line, lower, { description: "Strategy equity" });

const fastMa = new Sma(4);
const slowMa = new Sma(9);
const cross = new Cross();

function onBar(): void {
  const close = bar.close();
  const fast = fastMa.update(close);
  const slow = slowMa.update(close);
  if (isNaN(fast) || isNaN(slow)) return;
  const crossed = cross.update(fast, slow);
  if (crossed == 1) strategy.long("Long").limit(close * 0.999).send();
  if (crossed == -1) strategy.close("Long");
  out_equity(strategy.equity());
}

The resting limit just under the market is a maker fill when a later bar trades through it (makerFeesPaid grows); the market close crosses the market and pays the taker rate (takerFeesPaid grows); feesPaid is their exact sum.

One fee schedule per instrument

Declaring the other instrument's fee settings never double-charges: the broker ignores them.

• Perps plus a nonzero commissionPercent: fees come from the maker and taker rates only.
• Spot plus makerFeePercent or takerFeePercent: the run charges commission only. onLiquidation on spot is ignored the same way.

Funding on perps is a holding cashflow, not a fill cost, and has its own stats and series; see perps.

Flat slippage

slippageBps applies adversely to every fill that crosses the market: market entries, stop entries, protective stops and trailing stops. Buys fill at price * (1 + bps / 10000), sells mirror. Limit fills, including take-profit legs, are exempt. Slippage is priced into the fill itself: the trade records carry the slipped price, and there is no separate slippage line to subtract, which is why the Strategy Tester shows fees but no slippage figure.

Flat slippage is honest about being a constant: it neither grows with your order size nor tightens on liquid pairs.

The book estimate

The book estimate (slippageModel: "bookEstimate") walks recorded order-book depth to price market-crossing fills by size. The chart attaches no order book to a strategy run, so a strategy declaring it is refused by name when it runs (wrun_strategy_slippage_model_unsupported) rather than silently priced at the flat rate. Declare "fixed" with a slippageBps that is realistic for the pair.

Where the costs show

The Strategy Tester's Performance tab carries Fees paid (feesPaid), and on perps Maker fees paid and Taker fees paid under it. The costs are the file's own and the Tester has no fee or slippage field: to test another fee tier or slippage, change the declaration, or link the setting to a param and change it in the strategy's settings dialog.

Practical guidance

• Set slippageBps to what a taker actually pays on the pair, and commissionPercent or the maker and taker rates to your tier. Most retail rules die here.
• Size matters: a strategy that trades a fraction of equity and one that trades at 10x see very different fee bills on the same signals, because fees are a percent of notional.
• Read Fees paid against Net profit before reading the win rate: a strategy that crossed the spread 34 times in a quarter has paid for it.